Women History and Status In Nepal

Equality among "men and women" and about "human right" were propounded and implemented at that time when UNO was formed. The world wide manifesto in 1948 AD made the notation ("Equality among men and women "and "human right") move forward as well as strong.  From this we can say that women right and equality topic has been (provoked) discussed since 1945 A.D. In 1946 A.D UNO formed a commission for the development of women's' political, economical and social sector. In order to throw out contemporary problem i.e. gender discrimination in wages for the common work, International Labor Organization formulated the act about equality in wages in 1951 AD and approved it.  Similarly, in 1952 AD, to secure the involvement of women in political sector UNO approved the act of voting right of women also. In 1950 women rights for citizenship act was also approved as well as the  right in employment, no discriminations in job was approved in 1960.

          In 1962, marriage, minimum age requirement for marriage, marriage registration, kinds of agreement was approved. International  agreement was made in 1967 A.D. to remove the discrimination over women. Taking in consideration for development of women UNO declared the year 1975 A.D as the international women's year. In 1979 AD manifesto against women was approved as well as second international women conference was held at Copenhagen  Denmark in 1980 AD.

          In 1994 A.D. about population and development international conference was held in Cairo Egypt). Fourth international women conference was held in 1995 A.D in Beijing (China). If we analysis the conference held within century period women's empowerment and improvement has taken a great pace. 

         

          Internationally Nepal is also part of women's right and duties. Nepal has also taken part in different manifesto and agreement but progress  is not as expected. Removing the discrimination against women agreement was approved in 1979 AD but in Nepal it was formulated in 1991 also the agreement of 'self protocol 1999' was approved in 2001 December 18. Similarly, the act against women prostitution and children trafficking was approved in 11^th  SAARC conference. Nepal accepted to celebrate the year 1975 AD as the women's year and 1976 to 1985 as the women's decade. Similarly, the manifesto of 1995 of china and the work stage of Beijing was taken in consideration by Nepal. Nepal was also one of the participants in different international women's conference held at Mexico at 1975, Copenhagen in 1980, Nairobi in 1985 and Beijing in 1995.

          In Nepal different practices has been made against women's right and equality. Gender discrimination has been included in Nepal constitution since 2015 B.S to 2063 B.S. Traditional bad rituals like polygamy, child marriage were considered as illegal and was prohibited. The act of working in factory and gender discrimination in wages were in practice through government level and has been amended in 2016 B.S . In context there are different departments for women. For the up liftment of women situation separate organizations has developed various infrastructures. Ninth plan has developed various norms and laws in the area of political, economical and social sector of women.  Similarly, 10^th  and 11^th plan also has given importance for the issue of women . From the government level there is the establishment of different departments to handle grievance against  women's violence as well as their rights.

          To increase the wealth power of women they are provided with special discount on activities like registering land, houses and even in tax of cottage industry. Not only from government level also from NGOs and Ingo's various activities has been conducted for the up liftment of women. Hope can be kept that up coming new Constitution strongly raises the issue of women and their rights.

          Women are spending their maximum time in non-productive work like household activities rather than wages earning work. Whatever the government does problem can't be solved unless the women  participate in using physical social and capital sources. Laws and order are there but they are not properly implemented. Political and functional negotiation are not working properly as well as women are not able to come forward in the society. Although many international laws norms and treaties has been accepted by Nepal they are not properly implemented.